AC Motor with sliding rotor

Conical rotor brake motor incorporates the brake as an integral part of the conical sliding rotor. When the motor is at rest, a spring acts on the sliding rotor and forces the brake ring against the brake cap in the motor, holding the rotor stationary. When the motor is energized, its magnetic field generates both an axial and a radial component. The axial component overcomes the spring force, releasing the brake; while the radial component causes the rotor to turn. There is no additional brake control required.

The high starting torque and low inertia of the conical rotor brake motor has proven to be ideal for the demands of high cycle dynamic drives in applications since the motor was invented designed, and introduced over 50 years ago by a company named Demag Cranes & Components Corp. This type of motor configuration was first introduced in the USA in 1963 by this company.

Single-speed or two speed motors that are designed for coupling to gear motor system gearboxes. Conical rotor brake motors are also used to power micro speed drives.

Motors of this type can also be found on overhead crane and hoist (device)The micro speed unit combines two motors and an intermediate gear reducer. These are used for applications where extreme mechanical positioning accuracy and high cycling capability are needed. The micro speed unit combines a “main” conical rotor brake motor for rapid speed and a “micro” conical rotor brake motor for slow or positioning speed. The intermediate gearbox allows a range of ratios, and motors of different speeds can be combined to produce high ratios between high and low speed.

PCM Modulator

PCM modulation is a kind of source coding. The meaning of source coding is the conversion from analog signal to digital signal. After converted to digital signal, it is easy for us to process the signal such as encoding, filtering the unwanted signal and so on. Besides, the quality of digital signal is better than analog signal. This is because the digital signal can be easily recovered by using comparator. PCM modulation is commonly used in audio and telephone transmission. The main advantage is the PCM modulation only needs 8kHz sampling frequency to maintain the original quality of audio. above is block diagram of PCM.

Filling Tank (PLC)

PROCESS:
-filling the tank with desired level
-when the tank at desired level, L sensor will active and closed control valve.
-motor m1 conveyer will start,
-when bottle is present, M1 will stopped, output valve open to fill the bottle and open back control valve
-when liquid is full, output valve closed, control valve closed, m1 on
-operation repeat until stopped button pressed.

LADDER DIAGRAM

Figure 2: Ladder Diagram of the Machine

010.00 = Internal Relay                        0.002 = Level Sensor

010.01 = Control Valve                        0.004 = Bottle Full Sensor

010.02 = Motor (M1)                            0.003 = Bottle Present Sensor

010.03 = Output Valve

PLC

Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is defined as digital electronic device, used to programmable memory to store instructions and implement functions such as logic, sequencing, timing, counting and arithmetic to control machines and processes.

A PLC has many "input" terminals, through which it interprets "high" and "low" logical states from sensors and switches. It also has many output terminals, through which it outputs "high" and "low" signals to power lights, solenoids, contactors, small motors, and other devices lending themselves to on/off control. In an effort to make PLCs easy to program, their programming language was designed to resemble ladder logic diagrams. Thus, an industrial electrician or electrical engineer accustomed to reading ladder logic schematics would feel comfortable programming a PLC to perform the same control functions.

PLCs are industrial computers, and as such their input and output signals are typically 120 volts AC, just like the electromechanical control relays they were designed to replace. Although some PLCs have the ability to input and output low-level DC voltage signals of the magnitude used in logic gate circuits, this is the exception and not the rule.

PLC is a user friendly microprocessor based controller that carries out control functions of many types and levels of complexity. It is used extensively because it easy to setup and program, behaves predictably and rugged.

PLC Motor Control

BASIC OPERATION:
the control of a machine which is required to direct 10 apples
along the conveyor for packaging in the box. The operations are as follows:
• When pressing the start button, the conveyor takes the box up to limit switch
(S1) and the motor stops. Then the motor for apple conveyor start moving.
• When counter has counted 10 apples, the motor for box conveyor will
activated and limit switch (S2) reset the counter and the operation is repeated
until the stop button is pressed.

LADDER DIAGRAM